Category Archives: running|gear

Running Cadence, Kayaking and the Forerunner 50

Running cadence

A search on the phrases “stride rate” or “running cadence” will turn up numerous articles extolling the benefits of a running cadence (stride rate) in the neighborhood of 90. An often quoted source of this axiom is Daniels’ Running Formula: Proven Programs: 800 M to the Marathon (Human Kinetics, 2004). The idea is that for a given speed, the faster your stride rate, the less time your body will spend airborne, the less you displace your center of mass, and the softer you hit the ground on landing. Less up and down should translate to more energy efficient running.

It makes sense that there is combination of stride rate, pace, body mechanics and other factors that will be the most efficient for a particular runner. One runner found his optimal stride rates by setting a treadmill to specific speeds, and then finding the stride rate that resulted in the lowest heart rate at a particular speed.

Numerous coaches speak of the benefits of an increased stride rate. Coach Jenny Hadfield in Run Faster, Easier in Runner’s World, wrote that increasing your stride rate is “the single easiest thing to change with your running and it will have a tremendous effect on your speed, effort level and risk for injury.”

That sounded pretty good to me, so a few months ago I started measuring my running cadence by counting foot strikes — left foot, left foot, left foot. Running at a training pace on fire roads and trails, my stride rate averaged about 80 — there was plenty of room for improvement.

From time to time I worked on increasing my stride rate, but seemed to be stuck at a rate of about 83-84. I could artificially increase my cadence above that level, but I was trying to find a way I could maintain a stride rate of over 85 for more than a couple of minutes.

GarminForerunner50 Part of the problem was that counting strides was a pain. That problem was solved by a Garmin Forerunner 50. With a street price as low as $80 with HRM and Footpod (Costco 4/26/09), the device measures distance, speed, heart rate, and running cadence. Using the FR50, I could get immediate feedback on my stride rate, as well as compare how the rate varied on the same course from run to run.

 

Around New Years, I was out at Ahmanson Ranch, working on my stride rate. It just wasn’t happening. Daydreaming about kayaking, I thought about a kayaking coach’s comments regarding improving my forward stroke. Sit tall. Lean forward a little by rotating the pelvis, and projecting the chest forward. Didn’t I hear something similar to that in Scott Jurek’s video about uphill running technique? I wonder…

Trying these changes in technique, I immediately felt the difference. I glanced at my watch, and my cadence was 88 — and it was staying there!

In the weeks following this breakthrough, I’ve recorded personal bests on all my regular Ahmanson courses. I’ve been trying to apply the changes in technique to more of my running, and make it more second nature. It’s going to take some time, but so far I’m happy with the results.

adidas Response Trail 15 Trail Running Shoe

adidas Response Trail 15 Trail Running Shoe

Comfortable, cushioned and durable. That’s how I would characterize the adidas Response Trail. I’ve had two pairs of the Response Trail 14s in my shoe rotation since September 2007, and logged around 1000 miles between them. (Your mileage may vary.)

About a month ago I replaced one of the pairs with the adidas Response Trail 15s. I’ve put 75 miles on the new pair, and other than a change in colors, it seems not much has changed in the shoe. It’s still well-cushioned, comfortable and lightweight. The new pair weighed in at 24.7 oz./pair (US 9.5). At $80 or less, the Response Trail 15s are an excellent value.

At the moment, my primary trail running shoes are the Salomon XT Wings (105 miles), Salomon SpeedComp (110 miles), and adidas Response Trail 15s.

Salomon SpeedComp Trail Running Shoe

Salomon SpeedComp trail running shoe

A sib of the ultralight SpeedCross 2, the Salomon SpeedComp trail running shoe trades the “snow and mud rated” lug sole of the SpeedCross 2 for a high traction tread reminiscent of a low profile, high performance tire. The result is a fast, lightweight shoe that should perform well on most trails and in a variety of conditions.


Soles of the Salomon SpeedComp (front) and SpeedCross 2.
Mine arrived yesterday and I took them out for a 7 mile spin at Ahmanson Ranch. There were no surprises — the SpeedComp ran very similar to the SpeedCross 2, with good shock absorption and cushioning for such a lightweight shoe.

In addition to the outsole tread, there are a few other differences in design. The toe cap of the SpeedComp extends further back along the welt, and the sole wraps up over the sides of the cap, providing additional protection on rocky trails. A heel pull-tab has also been added.

My pair of SpeedComps (US 9.0) weighed in at a light 22.6 oz.

Update 05/29/09. In rotation with two pairs of XT Wings, and a pair of Adidas Response Trail 15s, I’ve now logged 235 miles on the Speedcomps, and have not changed my opinion of the shoe. I used the Speedcomps in the Boney Mountain Half Marathon, Bandit 30K, and Malibu Creek Challenge 22K, with excellent results — two firsts and a second in my age class.

Update 01/29/09. In rotation with my other shoes, I’ve logged 150 miles in the Speedcomps now. I’ve used them on a variety of trails and terrain, and am very happy with the shoe.

Update 09/21/08. Did the 14 mile Bulldog Loop in the SpeedComps today. This course is mostly ungroomed dirt road, but there is also some rocky single track, a section on exposed sandstone, and even a little pavement. The SpeedComp was comfortable, nimble, and it’s traction on the rocky sections was impressive.

Related post: Salomon SpeedCross 2 & adidas Response Trail 14

Google Earth KMZ Files of Southern California Trail Runs

Introduced around 2000, the Garmin eTrex was the first GPS unit I used to trace a trail run. The GPS tracks were imported into TOPO! where the length of a run could be measured, an elevation profile generated, and the topography of the run examined.

Since the eTrex was designed to be used in an “orienteering” position — flat in your hand in front of your body — it would frequently have trouble receiving GPS satellite signals if hand-carried while running or hiking. About the time enterprising hikers and runners began to resolve this issue with creative hats, holsters and harnesses, Garmin released the Forerunner 201, greatly simplifying the task of tracing a route.

In 2005, while preparing a presentation about kayaking Piru Creek for a meeting with the Forest Service, I stumbled onto Keyhole.com. To say I was blown away by this bit of “Eureka” technology would be an a gross understatement. Now, in addition to seeing Piru Creek in photographs, and on a topo map, you could get a “before you paddle” preview using Keyhole — even if you couldn’t paddle class IV whitewater! Google acquired Keyhole in late 2004 and launched Google Earth on June 28, 2005.

Shortly after Google Earth was launched, SportTracks added the ability to launch Google Earth and view the GPS trace of a run or other activity. Since SportTracks could also directly import data from Garmin’s Forerunner, the software made it very easy to view a run in Google Earth.

I’ve been working on updating the posts on Photography on the Run that reference a trail run to include a link to a Google Earth KMZ file. A KMZ file is just a zipped KML file, and either can be opened in Google Earth. A list of the trail runs with KMZ file links can be found by clicking “Google Earth KMZ Files of Trail Runs” in the sidebar.

These are actual tracks recorded by a GPS during a trail run and may contain GPS errors, route-finding errors, and wanderings that are difficult to explain. In a few instances tracks have been modified to correct errors, or to remove side excursions that are not part of the usual route, but not all errors have been corrected. No claim is being made regarding the appropriateness or suitability of the routes indicated.

Salomon SpeedCross 2 & adidas Response Trail 14 Trail Running Shoes

Salomon SpeedCross 2 and adidas Response Trail 14 Trail Running Shoes

Ounces count when you’re fighting gravity — in your pack, on your body, and especially on your feet.

The Salomon SpeedCross 2 (left) and adidas Response Trail 14 are my two lightest trail running shoes. My Response Trail 14’s weigh 24.2 oz./pair (US 9.5), and the SpeedCross 2’s weigh 21.3 oz./pair (US 9.0).

In round numbers a runner takes about 5,000 strides an hour. Even on smooth, level pavement there is significant effort involved in taking those 5,000 strides. But add to the mix the irregular surfaces and ups and downs of trail running, and the effort required increases.

Every time a trail runner speeds up or slow down, or lifts a foot to clear a rock, or ascend a trail, additional effort is required. The heavier the shoe, the higher the energy cost of all these speed changes and gait adjustments. Imagine what it would feel like to run a technical trail in a 5 lb. pair of shoes!

But there is more to designing a trail running shoe than just reducing the weight. A drastic reduction in weight might also reduce durability, cushioning, support, or other desirable characteristics. A shoe that falls apart, or does not provide adequate cushioning or support isn’t of much use, even if it is feather light.

I’ve run in the Response Trail 14’s for several months and the SpeedCross 2’s about a month. Both are comfortable, seem to have adequate support and stability, and feel good under foot on dirt roads and most hiking trails.

There are some differences in the two designs. The SpeedCross 2 is exceptionally light, with good cushioning. The knobby ‘Winter Contragrip’ waffle tread provides good traction in soft conditions and appears to contribute to the shoe’s cushioning and shock adsorption. Some might find the tread too aggressive in less inclement conditions.

Update 03/31/08. Yesterday I used the Salomon SpeedCross 2 on a demanding 19 mile trail run with 4000 ft. elevation gain/loss. The run was primarily on single track trail, but also included some dirt and paved road. Some of the single track was very technical and rocky. On the more technical sections of trail the SpeedCross 2 felt very light and agile.

The Response Trail 14 seems to be exceptionally well-cushioned. The shoe runs a little more like a road shoe than most of my other trail shoes. That isn’t a criticism — I’ve used the shoe on many trails, and used it a couple of months ago in a trail half marathon that featured a mix of pavement, dirt road and single track trail.

Every runner’s shoe requirements are different, and these requirements can change from day to day, and run to run, depending upon the  trail conditions, the terrain, the length of the run, your fitness, where you are in your training cycle, and a host of other factors. I tend to use the SpeedCross 2’s and Response Trail 14’s for short and medium length runs, and my XT Wings for longer runs.

I’m always counting ounces — a lighter shoe, a lighter pack, a lighter rain shell, a lighter camera — it all adds up in my battle against gravity.

Salomon XT Wings Trail Running Shoe

Salomon XT Wings Trail Running Shoe

Last updated 07/05/10. Symmetrical lacing and new eyelets working great on XT Wings 2!

Wow — what a great ride! That was my impression the first time I used the Salomon XT Wings trail running shoes. That continues to be my feeling after using the shoe for a couple of weeks and doing several runs in the 15-20 mile range. For my particular trail running requirements, this shoe has a near perfect balance of comfort, smooth ride, cushioning, traction and support.

It’s been my experience that if a running shoe doesn’t feel comfortable when you first try it on, it’s not going to feel any better on a long trail run, and it’s probably going to feel worse. The XT Wings felt great from the start. I first tried a pair of 9.5’s — my usual trail shoe size — but found size 9.0 was better in this shoe.

Under foot, the shock adsorption and cushioning gave that “ahh..” feeling without feeling bouncy or unstable. The shoe provides just the right level of support, without overly restricting the motion of my foot. When combined with the super smooth foot strike to toe transition, the overall ride is the best of any trail shoe I’ve used.

The outsole rubber appears to have excellent friction, and the lug pattern seems to have good traction without being too grabby. The speed-lacing system is convenient and appears to work well. Some friends have had Salomon speed-laces prematurely fray at the first eyelet on their XA Comp 2 XCRs, and prevent that by using a little duct tape around the lace. I’ll see if that happens with this model.

Update 07/05/10. I now have about 190 miles on each of three pairs of Salomons with the the new eyelets (XT Wings, XT Wings 2 & XT Hawk 2), and I’ve had no problems with the laces fraying.

Update 02/22/10. In addition to new eyelets, the XT Wings 2 also uses symmetrical lacing. This should completely resolve the old lace-fraying issue.



New XT Wings eyelets
Update 01/22/10.
Recently retired my fifth pair of XT Wings, again at about 300 miles. When I purchased my sixth pair was surprised to discover that the eyelet system has been redesigned. Hopefully this will resolve the problem I’ve had with the laces fraying, and I won’t have to use the “duct tape fix” on future pairs. Here’s a photo comparing the new lacing system (left) to the old one, and a close up of the new eyelet.

Update 08/05/09. Recently retired my third pair of XT Wings, at about 300 miles, and purchased my fifth pair. It’s still my shoe of choice for long runs.

Update 05/29/09. With the “duct tape fix” applied, I’m now 244 miles into my third pair of XT Wings, and 95 miles into my fourth pair — no problems. My Speedcomps, which don’t have the “toe anchored” lace like the XT Wings, have 235 miles on them, and no duct tape on the laces!

Update 09/24/08. Not good — with only 135-150 miles on my second pair of XT Wings, the lace has frayed on the left shoe at the same point (second eyelet from the anchor eyelet) as it did on the right shoe of the first pair. I’ve exchanged the pair and applied the “duct tape fix” at the second eyelets. We’ll see how it goes. Shouldn’t have to do this with a $120 pair of shoes.

Update 09/12/08. The Salomon XT Wings continues to be my shoe of choice for demanding trail runs. They are what I was in for the New Army Pass – Cottonwood Pass Loop in the Sierra, the Falls Creek Loop on San Gorgonio Mountain, the Islip Saddle – Mt. Baden-Powell South Fork Loop and Mt. Disappointment 50K in the San Gabriel Mountains, and several other long mountain runs.

Update 06/21/08. With about 250-275 miles on the pair, the lace on my right shoe broke on Thursday while running the Chumash Trail. I tied off the broken end, tightened the lace and continued the run — no big deal. In my case the lace broke at the middle eyelet on the left side of the tongue. While I hope Salomon will make the laces bombproof, the lace breaking won’t keep me from running in this outstanding shoe. I primarily use the XT Wings for longer runs.

Update 03/21/08. I’ve done several longer (20-29 mile) trail runs the last month and the shoe has performed exceptionally. I’ve had no problems with the laces or anything else. It sure seems that the smooth ride of this shoe translates to my legs feeling better at the end of a long run!

There are a couple of things I have to gripe about. At 27.7 oz, the size 9 pair I purchased is a little heavier than my Vitesses. The shoe is also expensive — $120 compared to around $85 for the Vitesse.

Related post: Salomon XT Wings 2 Trail Running Shoe

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